Gene position mapping can localize loci to ~10 centiMorgans, while finer-scale mapping by applying closely spaced markers to large populations can focus the identity of genes affecting an ecological trait. For the Daphnia system, a battery of microsatellite markers are available to distinguish rare recombinant events, while a genetic map will soon specify useful marker-sets (a mapping kit) that will be distributed to researchers for QTL analyses. Map based cloning is ultimately needed to identify genes that significantly affect a phenotype. However, depending on the extent of linkage disequilibrium in the genome, QTL markers may be an adequate proxy to study the role of genetic diversity in ecology.

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